Scaling and root planing, also known as deep cleaning, is a non-surgical periodontal therapy performed by dental professionals to treat gum disease. This procedure involves the careful removal of plaque, tartar, and bacterial toxins from the surfaces of the teeth, including below the gumline, and smoothing the rough areas of the tooth roots. It aims to eliminate the bacteria and debris that contribute to gum inflammation and infection. Scaling and root planing helps in reducing pocket depths, promoting gum tissue healing, and preventing the progression of periodontal disease. By restoring the health of the gums and supporting structures, this procedure can improve overall oral health and prevent tooth loss. It is typically performed in multiple sessions, depending on the severity of the gum disease, and may be accompanied by local anesthesia or other adjunctive therapies for patient comfort. Regular professional cleanings and diligent oral hygiene practices are essential to maintain the benefits of scaling and root planing in the long term.